Storey’s Gate
Bentley Priory
Bletchley Park
Uxbridge - Fighter Command
Whitehall - MAP
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Uxbridge - RAF Group 11 Fighter Command Headquarters
An author’s perspective on the journey to complete the book
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The Group 11 (Fighter) Headquarters was based at Hillingdon House, Uxbridge, Middlesex, England. Group 11 was responsible for the defence of London & South East England. The Operations Room at RAF Uxbridge has now been fully restored to its original state, as it was in the Battle of Britain, and is now a private museum as it is on an operational base.
The visit to the museum was the highpoint of the whole trip, and was arranged by David Whiting (stepson to Air Marshall Hugh Dowding). If there ever was a piece of history that should be preserved for future generations, not just for technologists but information architects and people who deal with data and decisions, then this is the place. |
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The operations room is located 10 metres below ground in a well protected underground bunker. The entrance is down a steep stone stair case and well protected against any bomb blasts.
Down this first flight of stairs, behind a steel door is the security checkpoint into the Headquarters.
A further double flight of stairs goes to the main rooms of the centre. |
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The entrance to Room 2 (through a bombproof door) leads to the Plotting Room. The room was run by the Women of the Auxiliary Air Force (WAAFs).
The first point of interest in this room is the filter section were all voice communication was routed through. It was directly connected to the filter room at Bentley Priory headquarters which was the communications hub for RAF Fighter Command. |
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The filter section recieved aggregated information collected from the early warning system (observer corp, radar, pilot sightings). This information was integrated in real time and piped through to the WAAF plotters wearing headsets. The Uxbridge operations room is a very close replica to Bentley Priory. In the center of the room is the sophisticated real-time event models, a map table. The model was a visual representation of the skies above the UK.
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On the map table (a scaled map of the UK) counters were used to show the location of friendly and enemy aircraft. The WAAFs would plot all planes based on received information from the filter section. Enemy planes were tracked and plotted as they took off in France, in real-time. Every change was reflected by the counters on the table. For example, if a raid split into several smaller raids. The counters on the map table were color-coded to accurately map this.
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A red F on white background was for friendly aircraft, A black X on yellow meant unidentified, and A black H on yellow was for hostile (representing enemy formations) aircraft. |
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The upper half of the plotting room is surrounded by perturding domed glass windows. This was the Gantry where the officers or the decision-makers sat. The map table, real time model provided a snapshot of events, giving the decision-makers the information they needed to bring their fighters into the battle.
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The decision-makers would use a second user-interface model the tote board, after the horseracing tracks ''Totalisator" board. The board indicated which squadrons in what sectors were in contact with the enemy, and those disengaging to refuel and rearm. It also indicated the operational state of readiness of squadrons held in reserve that were "available" in 30 minutes, at "readiness" in five minutes, or at "cockpit readiness" in two minutes to engage in immediate battle, as well as what was in the air. The board had dozens of electric lights that ran the full length of a wall. Beneath was the map room clock with its colour coded time intervals. |
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With this model decision-makers had a means to respond by determining what resources were available and how they could be deployed. They could tell from the coloured counters the time segment they were dealing with. They would then pass the directive to the sector-level operations centers who would make the final decision. This in turn went out to the individual squadrons and pilots. |
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During the latter stages of the battle in September, Churchill traveled to Group 11's operations center to see the battle for himself unfold in real time on the map table. Churchill sat in the gantry alongside Air Vice Marshal Keith Park (responsible for Group 11). He asked Park "what reserves are left." "None" was the reply.
At the end of the day as Churchill left the center he muttered the words "Never in the face of human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few" as he realized the true impact of the solution on the RAF. These words immortalized the battle for the nation.
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| An image of the original Group 11's operations center at Uxbridge in 1940, taken from the gantry. The table has the WAAF headsets laid out along with the croupier sticks for moving the counters around. The map of the UK and France is clearer in this image. The officer above has a telephone and he would be in contact with the sector stations within Group 11, that are outlined at the top of the image. | ![]() |